The M3 indicator rose at an annual rate of 1.6% last month, following a gain of 2% in November. The slowdown was unexpected, as analysts had been pencilling in growth of 2.1% for December.
The ECB regards the M3 figure as a key guide to inflation pressures and uses it to set interest rates accordingly. The bank seeks to keep euro zone inflation below but close to 2%, but it stood at 2.7% in December.
Meanwhile, the annual rate of growth in euro zone bank loans to the private sector slowed substantially to 1% in December from 1.7% in November, the ECB said.
The ECB cut its key interest rate by a quarter of a percentage point to 1% in December, arguing that future inflation is likely to slow as the euro zone debt crisis puts the brakes on economic growth in the single currency area. The latest M3 data is likely to bolster the case for more rate cuts in the euro zone as it seeks to stave off recession.
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